Russia. Characteristics of "Russian tournament" type sets are Kings and Queens being very similar in shape with finials, mostly in opposite colour, of elongated form for King and little ball for Queen. Bishops don't have an incision. Pawns are usually fat. Also big bases for good stability. There are no signs of religion.
1st set was bought in 2004 in Istanbul, just 1 year before Hippopotamus ivory was put on the CITES list. Someone told me that in the 1940s these sets were brought to England from French North Africa by soldiers of the second world war. In England these sets would not be uncommon, but I have never seen one there. Seller thought it was a Russian set of the 1920s made of Sperm Whale. But material is 100% sure Hippo and we have this picture of Botvinnik in the 1950ies (60ies?) with a similar wooden(?) chess set.
Have to say that it is one of my favourite sets, not only because of the material, but also because of those beautiful Knights and the fact that they are very playable due to their stability and weight. Very clear colour difference as well.
2nd one is most likely made around WW2 time (not sure it is pre WW2). On https://sovietchesssets.com/gallery/ (scroll down near the end) is a similar set described as "Acorn Pieces", because of the shape of the Bishop. The design goes back to at least the 1940s.
The 3rd is a cheap recent version.
The 4th set in plastic was also sold during the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow with a folding chessboard/storage box with the 80th Olympics logo imprinted on a white tile replacing the square h1. They are often referred to as “Ambroid” (and misspelled in text as “Ambriod”!) and said that there are pieces amber or amber dust in it. Which is not true. Sellers copy from each other, including the spelling mistakes! And asking silly high prices for which they need the fairy tail. This particular set came in a plastic cassette.
The 5th is an amusing propaganda version with politicians. Just look at the pawns and try to identify them all!

1940ies-1950ies
Hippopotamus ivory K 8.3; p 4.5
The set was sold to me as Russian, ca. 1920, sperm whale

1940ies-1950ies
Hippopotamus ivory K 8.3; p 4.5
The set was sold to me as Russian, ca. 1920, sperm whale
- Russia, "Russian Tournament"
- 1940ies-1950ies
- Hippopotamus ivory K 8.3; p 4.5
- The set was sold to me as Russian, ca. 1920, sperm whale
- Russia, "Russian tournament"
- ca. 1945
- Wood K 10.0; p 5.1
- Russia, "Russian tournament"
- Mid to late 20th century
- Wood K 6.6; p 3.6
- Box/Board 34.0×17.2×4.9

Presentation chess set in "Russian tournament" style
1980
Plastic K 10.0; p 5.1
Cassette 35.4×35.9×3.7

Presentation chess set in "Russian tournament" style
1980
Plastic K 10.0; p 5.1
Cassette 35.4×35.9×3.7

Presentation chess set in "Russian tournament" style
1980
Plastic K 10.0; p 5.1
Cassette 35.4×35.9×3.7

Presentation chess set in "Russian tournament" style
1980
Plastic K 10.0; p 5.1
Cassette 35.4×35.9×3.7
- Russia, Moscow, Plastic-Products Industrial Association
- Presentation chess set in "Russian tournament" style
- 1980
- Plastic K 10.0; p 5.1
- Cassette 35.4×35.9×3.7
- Russia, "Russian tournament", politic faces
- 1987
- Wood K 7.4; p 4.4
Russia. This is a lesser known Carbolite chess set from a factory that used to make Carbolite (kind of Bakelite). The company still exists today. The set has hollow pieces, which are filled with sand (or so) to make them heavier. Note that the pictures of the box are copied from the internet.
- Russia, by Carbolite company
- 1940-1950
- Carbolite (russian bakelite) K 6.8; p 4.0
Russia. The small travel set is most likely a tourist souvenir from Leningrad. Cannot say much about it, but it is from Russian Federation of about 1955. Date based on comparable sets offered on ebay and etsy by Russian sellers. Once offered as being 1970. This set has extra pieces, but misses a black pawn at the end.
- Russia, Leningrad
- ca. 1955
- Plastic K 1.4; p 1.1
- Box 12.5×10.1×2.9
- Board 8.7×8.9
Russia. I have added the "Matrioska" set, although you may argue it is more a decorative set. But you can play very well with it. The shape is not only based on the so called Matrioska dolls, but the set is actually named that way as the pamphlet tells us. Sorry, I have no picture of that pamphlet (yet).
Russia. The last in this list is a "Barleycorn" based set by the Chess Sets Gallery, Moscow. The design is by Oleg Raikis, who was inspired by the Barleycorn sets. Note that the name "Barleycorn" is misused in this case. But it is a common mistake. See “Barleycorn” (England) page.

2005
Pear K 13.0; p 5.2
Cassette/board 45.5×45.5×7.3
Design by Oleg Raikis, inspired by the Barleycorn type
- Russia, Moscow, by Chess Sets Gallery, "Barleycorn"
- 2005
- Pear K 13.0; p 5.2
- Cassette/board 45.5×45.5×7.3
- Design by Oleg Raikis, inspired by the Barleycorn type